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Evidence of common descent

• 1 Evidence from comparative physiology and biochemistry
  • 1.1 Genetics
    • 1.1.1 Universal biochemical organisation and molecular variance patterns
    • 1.1.2 DNA sequencing
    • 1.1.3 Proteins
    • 1.1.4 Pseudogenes
    • 1.1.5 Other mechanisms
  • 1.2 Specific examples
    • 1.2.1 Chromosome 2 in humans
    • 1.2.2 Cytochrome c
    • 1.2.3 Recent African origin of modern humans
• 2 Evidence from comparative anatomy
  • 2.1 Nested hierarchies and classification
  • 2.2 Homologous structures and divergent (adaptive) evolution
  • 2.3 Vestigial structures
  • 2.4 Evolutionary developmental biology and embryonic development
  • 2.5 Atavisms
  • 2.6 Specific examples
    • 2.6.1 Pentadactyl limb
    • 2.6.2 Pelvic structure of dinosaurs
    • 2.6.3 Insect mouthparts
    • 2.6.4 Other arthropod appendages
    • 2.6.5 Recurrent laryngeal nerve in giraffes
    • 2.6.6 Route of the vas deferens
• 3 Evidence from paleontology
  • 3.1 Fossil record
    • 3.1.1 Extent of the fossil record
  • 3.2 Limitations
  • 3.3 Specific examples
    • 3.3.1 Evolution of the horse
• 4 Evidence from geographical distribution
  • 4.1 Continental distribution
  • 4.2 Island biogeography
    • 4.2.1 Types of species found on islands
    • 4.2.2 Endemism
    • 4.2.3 Adaptive radiations
  • 4.3 Ring Species
  • 4.4 Specific examples
    • 4.4.1 Migration, isolation, and distribution of the Camel
    • 4.4.2 Distribution of Glossopteris
    • 4.4.3 Distribution of marsupials
• 5 Evidence from observed natural selection
  • 5.1 Specific examples of natural selection in the lab and in the field
    • 5.1.1 Antibiotic and pesticide resistance
    • 5.1.2 E. coli long-term evolution experiment
    • 5.1.3 Humans
    • 5.1.4 Lactose intolerance in humans
    • 5.1.5 Nylon-eating bacteria
    • 5.1.6 Peppered moth
    • 5.1.7 Radiotrophic fungus
    • 5.1.8 Urban wildlife
• 6 Evidence from observed speciation
  • 6.1 Specific examples
    • 6.1.1 Blackcap
    • 6.1.2 Drosophila melanogaster
    • 6.1.3 Hawthorn fly
    • 6.1.4 London Underground mosquito
    • 6.1.5 Madeira House Mouse
    • 6.1.6 Mollies
    • 6.1.7 Thale cress
  • 6.2 Interspecies fertility or hybridization
    • 6.2.1 Polar bear
    • 6.2.2 Raphanobrassica
    • 6.2.3 Salsify
    • 6.2.4 Welsh groundsel
    • 6.2.5 York groundsel
• 7 Evidence from artificial selection
• 8 Evidence from computation and mathematical iteration
• 9 See also
• 10 References
• 11 Further reading
• 12 External links